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The Napoleon was mounted on a carriage weighing 1,128 lb (511.7 kg). [22] The Napoleon fired the same ammunition and propellent charges as the M1841 12-pounder field gun, but its tube and carriage were 577 lb (261.7 kg) lighter than those of the older artillery piece. [23] A 6-gun Union battery of Napoleons was made up of three 2-gun sections.
This style of gun was the artillery of choice for Napoleon, considering they were lighter by one third than the cannons of any other country. For example, the barrel of the British 12-pounder weighed 3,150 pounds, and the gun with carriage and limber about 6,500 lb (2,900 kg).
Gribeauval designed lighter gun barrels and the carriages, so that his cannons were about half the weight of the Vallière pieces. Other innovations were an elevating screw, a calibrated rear gunsight and interchangeable parts for gun carriages. [5] Napoleon determined to replace the 8-pounders with a larger proportion of 12-pounders. [6]
Gribeauval Field Gun Lengths, Weights, Gunpowder Charge Weights, and No. Balls per Canister Round Name Barrel Length [14] Barrel Weight [14] Carriage Weight [14] Round Shot Charge Weight [17] Large Canister Balls per Round [18] Small Canister Balls per Round [18] Canister Round Charge Weight [19] 12-pounder cannon 7 feet 7 inches (2.31 m) 2,172 ...
Caliber: 121 mm. Length: 1.91 m. Weight: 626 kg (with carriage: 1,200 kg). Metal ball or explosive shell 4.1 kg. In 1853, France introduced the Canon obusier de 12, a 12-pounder capable of using either shells, shot or canisters. Napoleon cannon remained in service during the Victorian period, [7] seeing action in the American Civil War. [8]
12-pounder gun or 12-pdr, usually denotes a gun which fired a projectile of approximately 12 pounds. Guns of this type include: 12-pounder long gun, the naval muzzle-loader of the Age of Sail; Canon de 12 de Vallière, French cannon of 1732; Canon de 12 Gribeauval, French field cannon of the mid-late 18th century
The Old French pound (French: livre) was 1.079 English pounds, making the weight of shot about 4.3 English pounds. In the Gribeauval era, the 4-pounder was the lightest weight cannon of the French field artillery; the others were the medium Canon de 8 Gribeauval and the heavy Canon de 12 Gribeauval .
The "12-pounder Napoleon" was widely admired because of its safety, reliability, and killing power, especially at close range. It was the last cast bronze gun used by an American army. The Union version of the Napoleon can be recognized by the flared front end of the barrel, called the muzzle swell. Confederate Napoleons were produced in at ...