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Vaccine therapy is a type of treatment that uses a substance or group of substances to stimulate the immune system to destroy a tumor or infectious microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses. Cancer vaccines
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system.Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncotherapy) is the stimulation of the immune system to treat cancer, improving the immune system's natural ability to fight the disease. [1] It is an application of the fundamental research of cancer immunology (immuno-oncology) and a growing subspecialty of oncology.
A cancer vaccine, or oncovaccine, is a vaccine that either treats existing cancer or prevents development of cancer. [1] Vaccines that treat existing cancer are known as therapeutic cancer vaccines or tumor antigen vaccines. Some of the vaccines are "autologous", being prepared from samples taken from the patient, and are specific to that patient.
Cancer is the major cause of deaths in the recent era. Cancer types and stages have enhanced with time and so has efforts to treat cancer. Currently, there are about 369 cancer vaccine studies ongoing all around the world. [11] There are three cancer therapeutic vaccines which are approved by USA Food and Drug Administration, as following;
Vaccine therapies are a type of specific active immunotherapy. Vaccine therapies deliver various agents that will lead to a specific immune response e.g. antibody development or CTL response. [5] Tumor antigens have been a main target in specific active immunotherapy by way of vaccination. Tumor antigens are antigens produced by tumor cells and ...
A major application of cellular adoptive therapy is cancer treatment, as the immune system plays a vital role in the development and growth of cancer. [1] The primary types of cellular adoptive immunotherapies are T cell therapies. Other therapies include CAR-T therapy, CAR-NK therapy, macrophage-based immunotherapy and dendritic cell therapy.
Personalized mRNA cancer vaccine therapy is a therapy that uses a personalized cancer vaccine based on mRNA vaccine technology to target existing tumors in patients. As of 2024, number of mRNA cancer vaccines are in clinical trials, of which many are personalized therapies based on engineering mRNA-mediated immune response that targets the patient's particular strain of cancer cells.