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  2. Effect size - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_size

    The effect size can be computed by noting that the odds of passing in the treatment group are three times higher than in the control group (because 6 divided by 2 is 3). Therefore, the odds ratio is 3. Odds ratio statistics are on a different scale than Cohen's d, so this '3' is not comparable to a Cohen's d of 3.

  3. Repeating decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating_decimal

    The next step in the division will yield the same new digit in the quotient, and the same new remainder, as the previous time the remainder was the same. Therefore, the following division will repeat the same results. The repeating sequence of digits is called "repetend" which has a certain length greater than 0, also called "period". [5]

  4. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct.

  5. Standard normal table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_normal_table

    Since this is the portion of the area above Z, the proportion that is greater than Z is found by subtracting Z from 1. That is Prob(Z ≥ 0.69) = 1 − Prob ...

  6. Chi-squared distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution

    These values can be calculated evaluating the quantile function (also known as "inverse CDF" or "ICDF") of the chi-squared distribution; [23] e. g., the χ 2 ICDF for p = 0.05 and df = 7 yields 2.1673 ≈ 2.17 as in the table above, noticing that 1 – p is the p-value from the table.

  7. Hazard ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_ratio

    For example, a hazard ratio of 2 is thought to mean that a group has twice the chance of dying than a comparison group. In the Cox-model, this can be shown to translate to the following relationship between group survival functions : S 1 ( t ) = S 0 ( t ) r {\displaystyle S_{1}(t)=S_{0}(t)^{r}} (where r is the hazard ratio). [ 4 ]

  8. Pearson correlation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation...

    Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.

  9. Logarithmic decrement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic_decrement

    The logarithmic decrement can be obtained e.g. as ln(x 1 /x 3).Logarithmic decrement, , is used to find the damping ratio of an underdamped system in the time domain.. The method of logarithmic decrement becomes less and less precise as the damping ratio increases past about 0.5; it does not apply at all for a damping ratio greater than 1.0 because the system is overdamped.