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  2. Suspension (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(chemistry)

    A suspension of liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas is called an aerosol. In the atmosphere , the suspended particles are called particulates and consist of fine dust and soot particles, sea salt , biogenic and volcanogenic sulfates , nitrates , and cloud droplets.

  3. Acid–base extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

    Typically, this is the aqueous layer, as addition of acid or base has caused the analyte to become charged and highly soluble in the aqueous layer. [9] The identity of the aqueous layer depends critically on the organic solvent's density. Organic solvents with a density greater than 1.00 g/mL (e.g. dichloromethane) cause the aqueous layer to ...

  4. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

    It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.

  5. Phase separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_separation

    Mixing of liquids A and B and subsequent phase separation When mixed, oil and vinegar will phase-separate A phase diagram for two isotopes of helium, showing at bottom a range of temperatures and ratios at which they will phase-separate. Phase separation is the creation of two distinct phases from a single homogeneous mixture. [1]

  6. Aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution

    A solution made in water (or) in other words,An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula .

  7. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    In regular cold matter, quarks, fundamental particles of nuclear matter, are confined by the strong force into hadrons that consist of 2–4 quarks, such as protons and neutrons. Quark matter or quantum chromodynamical (QCD) matter is a group of phases where the strong force is overcome and quarks are deconfined and free to move.

  8. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidliquid_extraction

    A separatory funnel used for liquidliquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquidliquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).

  9. Thin layer extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_Layer_Extraction

    With a typical liquid mass diffusivity in the order of 10 −9 m 2 /s, [2] the characteristic time for diffusion through a 20 micron thick liquid layer is 0.4 s. Therefore, the thinness of both phases (organic and aqueous) causes a relatively "immediate" mass transfer of guest species from one phase to the other, which means that this process has a low mass transfer resistance.