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A stem-and-leaf display or stem-and-leaf plot is a device for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similar to a histogram, to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution. They evolved from Arthur Bowley 's work in the early 1900s, and are useful tools in exploratory data analysis .
Box plots are non-parametric: they display variation in samples of a statistical population without making any assumptions of the underlying statistical distribution, thus are useful for getting an initial understanding of a data set. For example, comparing the distribution of ages between a group of people (e.g., male and females). Flowchart ...
Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. [2] It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate scientific data to enable ...
Figure 2. Box-plot with whiskers from minimum to maximum Figure 3. Same box-plot with whiskers drawn within the 1.5 IQR value. A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based on the five-number summary: the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles.
Furthermore, some programs are only partly free (for example, accessing abstracts or a small number of items), whereas complete access is prohibited (login or institutional subscription required). The "Size" column denotes the number of documents (articles, publications, datasets, preprints) rather than the number of citations or references.
In science the term is used in both ways. For example, Anderson (1997) stated more generally: "diagrams are pictorial, yet abstract, representations of information, and maps , line graphs , bar charts , engineering blueprints , and architects ' sketches are all examples of diagrams, whereas photographs and video are not". [ 2 ]
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There is also an increasing attention to scientific modelling [4] in fields such as science education, [5] philosophy of science, systems theory, and knowledge visualization. There is a growing collection of methods , techniques and meta- theory about all kinds of specialized scientific modelling.