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A biopolymer comprising multiple linked nucleotides (as in DNA) is called a polynucleotide. [13] The backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating phosphate and sugar groups. [14] The sugar in DNA is 2-deoxyribose, which is a pentose (five-carbon) sugar.
In molecular biology, a polynucleotide (from Ancient Greek πολυς (polys) 'many') is a biopolymer composed of nucleotide monomers that are covalently bonded in a chain. [1] DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological functions.
A DNA polymerase is a member of a family of enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of DNA molecules from nucleoside triphosphates, the molecular precursors of DNA.These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in groups to create two identical DNA duplexes from a single original DNA duplex.
In DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. The nucleotides on one strand base pairs with the nucleotide on the other strand. The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine ...
The process of DNA duplication is usually called replication. The replication is termed semiconservative since each new cell contains one strand of original DNA and one newly synthesized strand of DNA. The original polynucleotide strand of DNA serves as a template to guide the synthesis of the new complementary polynucleotide of DNA. The DNA ...
The term nucleic acid is the overall name for DNA and RNA, members of a family of biopolymers, [13] and is a type of polynucleotide. Nucleic acids were named for their initial discovery within the nucleus , and for the presence of phosphate groups (related to phosphoric acid). [ 14 ]
The polymerase elongates the new strand in the 5' → 3' direction. The exonuclease removes erroneous nucleotides from the same strand in the 3’ → 5’ direction. This exonuclease activity is essential for a DNA polymerase's ability to proofread.
By convention, the coding strand is the strand used when displaying a DNA sequence. It is presented in the 5' to 3' direction. Wherever a gene exists on a DNA molecule, one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, [3] anticoding strand, template strand or transcribed ...