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Plan of Rudelsburg castle with its neck ditch (D) L-shaped neck ditch at Csobánc castle (Hungary). A neck ditch (German: Halsgraben), [1] [2] sometimes called a throat ditch, [3] [4] is a dry moat that does not fully surround a castle, but only bars the side that is not protected by natural obstacles.
A moat made access to the walls difficult for siege weapons such as siege towers and battering rams, which needed to be brought up against a wall to be effective. A water-filled moat made the practice of mining – digging tunnels under the castles in order to effect a collapse of the defences – very difficult as well.
Inside of an arrowslit, where an archer would stand, at Corfe Castle. Exterior view of arrowslits in the Bargate gatehouse in Southampton. An arrowslit (often also referred to as an arrow loop, loophole or loop hole, and sometimes a balistraria [1]) is a narrow vertical aperture in a fortification through which an archer can launch arrows or a crossbowman can launch bolts.
A fortified tower (also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower) is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with defensive walls such as curtain walls. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions.
Earth ditch and rampart defences on the Ipf near Bopfingen, Germany Reconstructed pfostenschlitzmauer of the oppidum at Finsterlohr, Creglingen, Germany. The composition and design of ramparts varied from the simple mounds of earth and stone, known as dump ramparts, to more complex earth and timber defences (box ramparts and timberlaced ramparts), as well as ramparts with stone revetments. [2]
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A battlement, in defensive architecture, such as that of city walls or castles, comprises a parapet (a defensive low wall between chest-height and head-height), in which gaps or indentations, which are often rectangular, occur at intervals to allow for the launch of arrows or other projectiles from within the defences. [1]
The outermost walls with their integrated bastions and wall towers together make up the enceinte or main defensive line enclosing the site. In medieval designs of castle and town, the curtain walls were often built to a considerable height and were fronted by a ditch or moat to make assault difficult.