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Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning ' the same ', abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal ...
Meaning Use sp: Spelling: Used to indicate misspelling spo: Spell out: Used to indicate that an abbreviation should be spelled out, such as in its first use stet: Let it stand: Indicates that proofreading marks should be ignored and the copy unchanged fl: Flush left: Align text flush with left margin fr: Flush right: Align text flush with right ...
Where a work of art is produced in multiple copies, as with a cast bronze sculpture, a print, or works of decorative art produced under factory conditions, the article should as far as possible cover all copies, and normally should reflect this in its title and text, rather than specifying one location. The same generally goes for objects ...
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato, meaning "in the place cited") is a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). Loc. cit. is used in place of ibid. when the reference is not only to the work immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page.
Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization.In English, capitalization is primarily needed for proper names, acronyms, and for the first letter of a sentence. [a] Wikipedia relies on sources to determine what is conventionally capitalized; only words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in a substantial majority of independent, reliable sources are capitalized in Wikipedia.
Ibid or Ibid. is a Latin abbreviation used in scholarly writing, meaning "the same place". It can also refer to: "Ibid" (short story), a 1927/28 short story by H. P. Lovecraft; Ibid: A Life, a 2004 novel by Mark Dunn; Ion beam-induced deposition, a process of decomposing gaseous molecules by focused ion beam
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id. , which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid. ). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.
Captions normally start with a capital letter. The text of captions should not be specially formatted (with italics, for example), except in ways that would apply if it occurred in the main text. Several discussions (e.g. this one ) have failed to reach a consensus on whether "stage directions" such as (right) or (behind podium) should be in ...