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  2. Hubble's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble's_law

    It is described by the equation v = H 0 D, with H 0 the constant of proportionality—the Hubble constant—between the "proper distance" D to a galaxy (which can change over time, unlike the comoving distance) and its speed of separation v, i.e. the derivative of proper distance with respect to the cosmic time coordinate.

  3. Time dilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_dilation

    Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.

  4. Spacetime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime

    Thus, a different measure must be used to measure the effective "distance" between two events. [31]: 48–50, 100–102 In four-dimensional spacetime, the analog to distance is the interval. Although time comes in as a fourth dimension, it is treated differently than the spatial dimensions.

  5. Spacetime diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacetime_diagram

    The relationship between any such pairs of event is called timelike, because they have a time distance greater than zero for all observers. A straight line connecting these two events is always the time axis of a possible observer for whom they happen at the same place.

  6. Comoving and proper distances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_and_proper_distances

    In standard cosmology, comoving distance and proper distance (or physical distance) are two closely related distance measures used by cosmologists to define distances between objects. Comoving distance factors out the expansion of the universe, giving a distance that does not change in time except due to local factors, such as the motion of a ...

  7. Jiffy (time) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiffy_(time)

    The speed of light in vacuum provides a convenient universal relationship between distance and time, so in physics (particularly in quantum physics) and often in chemistry, a jiffy is defined as the time taken for light to travel some specified distance.

  8. Proper length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proper_length

    Since the rod is stationary in K 0, the distance between the marks is the proper length of the rod regardless of the time lapse between the two markings. On the other hand, it is not the proper distance between the marking events if the marks are not made simultaneously in K 0."

  9. Philosophy of space and time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_space_and_time

    The earliest recorded philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC) who said: . Follow your desire as long as you live, and do not perform more than is ordered, do not lessen the time of the following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit...