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The human secondary somatosensory cortex (S2, SII) is a region of sensory cortex in the parietal operculum on the ceiling of the lateral sulcus. Region S2 was first described by Adrian in 1940, who found that feeling in cats' feet was not only represented in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) but also in a second region adjacent to S1. [ 1 ]
Region S2 (secondary somatosensory cortex) divides into Area S2 and parietal ventral area. Area S2 is involved with specific touch perception and is thus integrally linked with the amygdala and hippocampus to encode and reinforce memories. Parietal ventral area is the somatosensory relay to the premotor cortex and somatosensory memory hub, BA5.
In neuroanatomy, the postcentral gyrus is a prominent gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe of the human brain.It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area for the sense of touch.
S4 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from S4. They are not innervated with S4 as single origin, but partly by S4 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: iliococcygeus; puborectalis; coccygeus; sphincter ani externus muscle; sphincter urethrae membranaceae
Precentral gyrus sensory homunculus. Somatotopy is the point-for-point correspondence of an area of the body to a specific point on the central nervous system. [1] Typically, the area of the body corresponds to a point on the primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus).
In neuroanatomy, the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral gyrus of the brain's parietal lobe, and is part of the somatosensory system. It was initially defined from surface stimulation studies of Wilder Penfield , and parallel surface potential studies of Bard, Woolsey, and Marshall.
Three spinal nerves in the sacrum (S2–4), commonly referred to as the pelvic splanchnic nerves, also act as parasympathetic nerves. Owing to its location, the parasympathetic system is commonly referred to as having "craniosacral outflow", which stands in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, which is said to have "thoracolumbar outflow".
S2 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from S2. They are not innervated with S2 as single origin, but partly by S2 and partly by other spinal nerves. They are most commonly known to govern the toes. The muscles are: sphincter urethrae membranaceae; gluteus maximus muscle; piriformis; obturator internus muscle