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Difficulty or pain with swallowing is called dysphagia, and it affects up to 15% or more of the population at some point in their lives. ... During the pharyngeal phase, the tongue helps push the ...
Dysphagia is often a side effect of surgical procedures like anterior cervical spine surgery, carotid endarterectomy, head and neck resection, oral surgeries like removal of the tongue, and partial laryngectomies [10] Radiotherapy, used to treat head and neck cancer, can cause tissue fibrosis in the irradiated areas.
Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.
Disruption of normal swallowing, referred to as dysphagia, has a variety of reasons, among which is tongue muscles weakness and fatigue.The tongue is a critical organ in swallowing, providing the driving forces that transport food and liquid through the mouth and pharynx.
Tongue thrusting is a type of orofacial myofunctional disorder, which is defined as habitual resting or thrusting the tongue forward and/or sideways against or between the teeth while swallowing, chewing, resting, or speaking. Abnormal swallowing patterns push the upper teeth forward and away from the upper alveolar processes and cause open bites.
The pharyngeal swallow is started by the oral phase and subsequently is coordinated by the swallowing center on the medulla oblongata and pons. The reflex is initiated by touch receptors in the pharynx as a bolus of food is pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue, or by stimulation of the palate (palatal reflex).
Swallowing unusually large objects or placing objects in the back of the mouth may cause the pharyngeal reflex. Some people, for instance sword swallowers , have learned how to suppress it. [ 1 ] In contrast, triggering the reflex is sometimes done intentionally to induce vomiting, by those who have bulimia nervosa .
Oral tongue cancer is a cancer that happens in the front two-thirds of the tongue, while oropharyngeal tongue cancer forms at the base of the tongue in the back portion of the mouth and can extend ...