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Other materials such as papyrus juice and gum arabic can be used for the same reason as the cellulose solutions. [6] A method that is used to treat papyri is to clean repeatedly. This is achieved by first placing the papyrus on dry blotting paper, and then cleaning the papyrus by removing the dirt via a scalpel, spatula or dry tweezers.
There were three main materials used for the pages of books in this time period: papyrus, parchment or vellum, and paper (Alexander 35). Papyrus was the primary writing material of the ancient world, and was created by beating stalks of the papyrus reed together until the fibers in the plant formed a tight, almost woven structure.
Because books are made from a variety of materials, conservators may also need to employ techniques and experience relating to the conservation of leather, parchment, papyrus, or fabric conservation. The main objective of cleaning is to achieve clarity of surface detail. [ 57 ]
Joseph von Karabacek (1845–1918), a leading authority in the field of papyrology. Papyrology is the study of manuscripts of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., preserved on portable media from antiquity, the most common form of which is papyrus, the principal writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome.
Buried in ash after Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79AD, the secret of a papyrus scroll kept their secrets hidden for centuries. Now one has been deciphered by AI.
Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects; Conservation and restoration of papyrus; Conservation and restoration of parchment; Conservation and restoration of performance art; Conservation and restoration of photographic plates; Conservation and restoration of photographs; Conservation and restoration of plastic objects
Water causes damage and results from natural occurrences, technological hazards, or mechanical failures. Many cases of water damage can be traced to accidents or neglect. "A great many of the materials that museum objects are made of are highly susceptible to contact with water and can be severely damaged by even brief contact, while others may be exposed to water for longer periods without harm.
Books and other materials take up and give off moisture making them sensitive to relative humidity. Very high humidity encourages mold growth and insect infestations. Low humidity causes materials to lose their flexibility. Fluctuations in relative humidity are more damaging than a constant humidity in the middle or low range.