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Alexander A. Borbély (born 1939 in Budapest) is a Hungarian-Swiss pharmacologist known for his sleep research.. Borbély proposed the two-process model of sleep regulation in 1982 which postulates there are two complementary processes (S and C, which stands for Sleep and Circadian, respectively) which together account for one's sleep schedule. [1]
He proposed that the pressure to sleep was the maximum when the difference between the two was highest. In 1993, a different model called the opponent process model [98] was proposed. This model explained that these two processes opposed each other to produce sleep, as against Borbely's model.
Serge Daan, together with Borbély and Beersma, developed a model which convincingly explained the observations. It was called the two-process model of sleep regulation and explained human sleep regulation in terms of two key processes: a circadian pacemaker, and a homeostatic drive to sleep that increases during wake and decreases during sleep ...
To describe the temporal course of the sleep-wake cycle, a two-process model of sleep regulation can be mentioned. [69] This model proposes a homeostatic process (Process S) and a circadian process (Process C) that interact to define the time and intensity of sleep. [71]
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The dysregulation model is supported by neuroanatomical, physiological, and subjective self-report studies. Emotional brain regions (e.g. the amygdala) have shown 60% greater reactivity to emotionally negative photographs following one night of sleep deprivation, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. [5]