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There were 40 known prisoner-of-war camps across Canada during World War II, although this number also includes internment camps that held Canadians of German and Japanese descent. [1] Several reliable sources indicate that there were only 25 or 26 camps holding exclusively prisoners from foreign countries, nearly all from Germany. [2] [3] [4]
Ostensibly nationals of countries at war with Canada, the vast majority however were settler immigrants, primarily of Ukrainian ethnic origin. The Castle Camp, which was built in 1915 at the base of Castle Mountain was a Canadian internment camp which held immigrant prisoners of Ukrainian, Austrian, Hungarian and German descent. [2]
During World War II, the Canadian government established and continued the operations of many internment camps to detain 'enemy aliens' – a term that included Canadian citizens of German, Italian, and Japanese descent who were deemed potential threats to national security. Of these, the legacy of German internment camps in Canada remains ...
The first of these Italian prisoners were sent to Camp Petawawa, in the Ottawa River Valley. By October 1940 the round up had already been completed. Italian Canadian Montrealer, Mario Duliani wrote "The City Without Women" about his life in the internment camp Petawawa during World War II; it is a personal account of the struggles of the time.
Barbed Wire and Mandolins, a National Film Board of Canada documentary on the Italian-Canadian internment; Tracing the forgotten history of Italian-Canadian internment camps, article on the same topic. Antonio, a National Film Board of Canada documentary by Tony Ianzelo, about his own father's experiences during and after internment.
Bowmanville POW camp in 2011. The Bowmanville POW camp, also known as Camp 30, was a Canada administered POW camp for German soldiers during World War II located on 2020 Lambs Road in the community of Bowmanville, Ontario in Clarington, Ontario, Canada. In September 2013, the camp was designated a National Historic Site of Canada. [1]
By January 1945, several Japanese Canadian men were attached to British units in the Far East as interpreters and translators. In total, about 200 Canadian Nisei joined Canadian forces during World War II. [54] Throughout the war, Canadians of "Oriental racial origin" were not called upon to perform compulsory military service. [53]
Nikkei Internment Memorial Centre is a museum that preserves and interprets one of ten Canadian concentration camps where more than 27,000 Japanese Canadians were incarcerated by the Canadian government during and after World War II (1942 to 1949). [2] The centre was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 2007. [2]