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An antithrombotic agent is a drug that reduces the formation of blood clots . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Antithrombotics can be used therapeutically for prevention ( primary prevention , secondary prevention ) or treatment of a dangerous blood clot (acute thrombus).
Cardiovascular agents are drugs that affect the rate and intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameters, blood volume, blood clotting and blood cholesterol levels. [1] They are indicated to treat diseases related to the heart or the vascular system (blood vessels), such as hypertension , hyperlipidemia , coagulation disorders , heart ...
Elevated PAI-1 is a risk factor for thrombosis and atherosclerosis. [5] PAI-1 is a serine protease inhibitor that functions as the principal inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA), the activators of plasminogen and hence fibrinolysis (the physiological breakdown of blood clots).
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time. [1] Some occur naturally in blood-eating animals, such as leeches and mosquitoes , which help keep the bite area unclotted long enough for the animal to obtain blood.
Due to its contribution to fibrinolysis, tissue plasminogen activator is used medically to treat blood clot-related disorders including thrombotic or embolic stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism. It is manufactured using recombinant techniques and is sold as alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase.
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It results in hemostasis , the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair.
The treatments to prevent the formation of blood clots is balanced against the risk of bleeding. [5] One of the goals of blood clot prevention is to limit venous stasis as this is a significant risk factor for forming blood clots in the deep veins of the legs. [6] Venous stasis can occur during the long periods of not moving.
Thrombin demonstrates a high level of allosteric regulation. [2] Allosterism in thrombin is regulated by the exosites 1 and 2 and the sodium binding site. A recent patent review has shown that the general consensus among researchers is that allosteric inhibitors may provide a more regulatable anticoagulant. [3]