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A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component. [1] [2] [3] It can differ in one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, which are replaced with other atoms, groups, or ...
Functional analogs are not necessarily structural analogs with a similar chemical structure. [1] An example of pharmacological functional analogs are morphine , heroin and fentanyl , which have the same mechanism of action, but fentanyl is structurally quite different from the other two with significant variance in dosage.
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.. In the past, derivative also meant a compound that can be imagined to arise from another compound, if one atom or group of atoms is replaced with another atom or group of atoms, [1] but modern chemical language now uses the term structural analog for this meaning, thus eliminating ambiguity.
Once the chemical structure and mass of insulin was known, the unit of insulin was defined by the mass of pure crystalline insulin required to obtain the USP unit. [citation needed] The unit of measurement used in insulin therapy is not part of the International System of Units (abbreviated SI) which is the modern form of the metric system.
This is a list of fentanyl analogues (sometimes referred to as Fentalogs), [1] [2] [3] including both compounds developed by pharmaceutical companies for legitimate medical use, and those which have been sold as designer drugs and reported to national drug control agencies such as the DEA, or transnational agencies such as the EMCDDA and UNODC.
Bioinstrumentation is a new and upcoming field, concentrating on treating diseases and bridging together the engineering and medical worlds. The majority of innovations within the field have occurred in the past 15–20 years, as of 2022. Bioinstrumentation has revolutionized the medical field, and has made treating patients much easier.
The name "katal" has been used for decades. The first proposal to make it an SI unit came in 1978, [6] [10] and it became an official SI unit in 1999. [6] [11] [12] The name comes from the Ancient Greek κατάλυσις (katalysis), meaning "dissolution"; [13] the word "catalysis" itself is a Latinized form of the Greek word. [13] [14]
Alfacalcidol (or 1-hydroxycholecalciferol) is an analogue of vitamin D used for supplementation in humans and as a poultry feed additive. Alfacalcidol has a weaker impact on calcium metabolism [ 3 ] and parathyroid hormone levels [ 4 ] than calcitriol ; but significant effects on the immune system , including regulatory T cells . [ 5 ]