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MODEM7, also known as MODEM7 batch or Batch XMODEM, was the first known extension of the XMODEM protocol. A normal XMODEM file transfer starts with the receiver sending a single NAK character to the sender, which then starts sending a single SOH to indicate the start of the data, and then packets of data.
Format is a function in Common Lisp that can produce formatted text using a format string similar to the print format string.It provides more functionality than print, allowing the user to output numbers in various formats (including, for instance: hex, binary, octal, roman numerals, and English), apply certain format specifiers only under certain conditions, iterate over data structures ...
The padding character is not essential for decoding, since the number of missing bytes can be inferred from the length of the encoded text. In some implementations, the padding character is mandatory, while for others it is not used. An exception in which padding characters are required is when multiple Base64 encoded files have been concatenated.
Padding messages to a power of two (or any other fixed base) reduces the maximum amount of information that the message can leak via its length from O(log M) to O(log log M). Padding to a power of two increases message size overhead by up to 100%, however, and padding to powers of larger integer bases increase maximum overhead further.
A batch file is a script file in DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows. It consists of a series of commands to be executed by the command-line interpreter , stored in a plain text file. A batch file may contain any command the interpreter accepts interactively and use constructs that enable conditional branching and looping within the batch file ...
Default script shell in License Source code availability User interface Mouse support Unicode support ISO 8601 support Console redirection Stream redirection Configurability Startup/shutdown scripts Batch scripts Logging Available as statically linked, independent single file executable Thompson shell: UNIX: sh 1971 — UNIX: UNIX — Yes Text ...
The placeholder may be a variable name, or in some languages an arbitrary expression, in either case evaluated in the current context. String interpolation is an alternative to building string via concatenation, which requires repeat quoting and unquoting; [2] or substituting into a printf format string, where the variable is far from where it ...
Python supports a wide variety of string operations. Strings in Python are immutable, so a string operation such as a substitution of characters, that in other programming languages might alter the string in place, returns a new string in Python. Performance considerations sometimes push for using special techniques in programs that modify ...