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DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures is induced by the physical and chemical properties of the components selected by the designers. [19]
Molecular models are useful in the design of structures for DNA nanotechnology. Here, individual DNA tiles (model at left) self-assemble into a highly ordered DNA 2D-nanogrid (AFM image at right). There are various uses of DNA molecular modeling in Genomics and Biotechnology research applications, from DNA repair to PCR and DNA nanostructures ...
Nucleic acid design is used in DNA nanotechnology to design strands which will self-assemble into a desired target structure. These include examples such as DNA machines, periodic two- and three-dimensional lattices, polyhedra, and DNA origami. [2]
Molecular self-assembly is a key concept in supramolecular chemistry. [6] [7] [8] This is because assembly of molecules in such systems is directed through non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-stacking interactions, and/or electrostatic) as well as electromagnetic interactions.
Nanotechnology is a modern field that has yet to be fully understood. Nanorulers allow scientists to investigate the fundamental building blocks of matter, including atoms and molecules, which is essential for advancing our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of materials.
For example, they could be used to identify and destroy cancer cells. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] Molecular nanotechnology is a speculative subfield of nanotechnology regarding the possibility of engineering molecular assemblers , biological machines which could re-order matter at a molecular or atomic scale.
By converting the nanotechnology curriculum of the major universities into a more industry-oriented format, it makes the technology more practical for employers as well as consumers. [ 4 ] The ability to grow more complex structures with a high ratio allows for drug release devices, biosensors , nanoreactors , and other countless discoveries. [ 2 ]
DNA nanotechnology has been applied to the related field of DNA computing. DNA tiles can be designed to contain multiple sticky ends with sequences chosen so that they act as Wang tiles . A DX array has been demonstrated whose assembly encodes an XOR operation; this allows the DNA array to implement a cellular automaton which generates a ...