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  2. Caste systems in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa

    Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. [1] These caste systems feature endogamy , hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts and restraints on commensality.

  3. Social apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_apartheid

    Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. [1]The word "apartheid", an Afrikaans word meaning "separation", gained its current connotation during the years of South Africa's Apartheid system of government-imposed racial segregation, which took place between 1948 and ...

  4. Racism in Africa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Africa

    Slavery in South Africa was officially abolished in 1833 with the Slavery Abolition Act. [94] There are many examples of racism and discriminatory practices during the colonial period, such as the allocation of rations during the Siege of Ladysmith: [95] For Whites—Biscuit, 1/4 lb.; Maize meal, 3 oz. For Indians and Kaffirs—Maize meal, 8 oz.

  5. Apartheid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 9 December 2024. South African system of racial separation This article is about apartheid in South Africa. For apartheid as defined in international law, see Crime of apartheid. For other uses, see Apartheid (disambiguation). This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. Consider ...

  6. Caste - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste

    [71] [72] [73] The specifics of the caste systems have varied in ethnically and culturally diverse Africa; however, the following features are common – it has been a closed system of social stratification, the social status is inherited, the castes are hierarchical, certain castes are shunned while others are merely endogamous and ...

  7. Nyamakala - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyamakala

    The Griot in West Africa were one of the Nyamakala. [1] The Nyamakala, or Nyamakalaw, are the historic occupational castes among Islamic societies of West Africa, particularly among the Mandinka people. [1] [2] The Nyamakala are known as Nyaxamalo among the Soninke people, [1] [3] and Nyenyo among the Wolof people. [4]

  8. Social stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification

    The social status variables underlying social stratification are based in social perceptions and attitudes about various characteristics of persons and peoples. While many such variables cut across time and place, the relative weight placed on each variable and specific combinations of these variables will differ from place to place over time.

  9. Systems of social stratification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_of_social...

    M.G. Smith also discussed thoroughly the Hausa system of social status in his work "The Hausa system of social status." [28] In that article it is explained that wives are ranked according to their order of marriage: the first-married wife is the uwar gida or highest-ranking wife; she is most respected and has greatest authority over other ...