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Diatoms and brown algae are examples of algae with secondary chloroplasts derived from endosymbiotic red algae, which they acquired via phagocytosis. [6] Algae exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, from simple asexual cell division to complex forms of sexual reproduction via spores. [7]
Algae constitute a polyphyletic group since they do not include a common ancestor, and although their chlorophyll-bearing plastids seem to have a single origin (from symbiogenesis with cyanobacteria), they were acquired in different ways. Green algae are a prominent examples of algae that have primary chloroplasts derived from endosymbiont ...
Marine algae can be divided into six groups: green, red and brown algae, euglenophytes, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates and diatoms are important components of marine algae and have their own sections below. Euglenophytes are a phylum of unicellular flagellates with only a few marine members. Not all algae are microscopic.
Algaculture – Aquaculture involving the farming of algae; Seaweed fertilizer; Algae fuel – Use of algae as a source of energy-rich oils; Edible seaweed – Algae that can be eaten and used for culinary purposes Aonori – Type of edible green seaweed; Cochayuyo – Species of seaweed, a form of kelp used as a vegetable in Chile
For example, alginic acid enhances the immune system of rainbow trout. Younger fish are more likely to survive when given a diet with alginic acid. [56] Brown algae including kelp beds also fix a significant portion of the earth's carbon dioxide yearly through photosynthesis. [57]
Red algae, like Gracilaria, Gelidium, Euchema, Porphyra, Acanthophora, and Palmaria are primarily known for their industrial use for phycocolloids (agar, algin, furcellaran and carrageenan) as thickening agent, textiles, food, anticoagulants, water-binding agents, etc. [86] Dulse (Palmaria palmata) is one of the most consumed red algae and is a ...
Marine botany is the study of flowering vascular plant species and marine algae that live in shallow seawater of the open ocean and the littoral zone, along shorelines of the intertidal zone, coastal wetlands, and low-salinity brackish water of estuaries.
The impact of harmful algae blooms on the environment have a substantial effect on marine life. For example, in August 2024 the growth of the toxic algae, Pseudo-nitzschia, along California coasts were making sea lions sick and aggressive to beach goers. [44] Scientists claim this is a seasonal occurrence.