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  2. Shear strength (soil) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_strength_(soil)

    Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain. The shear resistance of soil is a result of friction and interlocking of particles, and possibly cementation or bonding of particle contacts.

  3. Mohr–Coulomb theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr–Coulomb_theory

    where is the shear strength, is the normal stress, is the intercept of the failure envelope with the axis, and ⁡ is the slope of the failure envelope. The quantity c {\displaystyle c} is often called the cohesion and the angle ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is called the angle of internal friction .

  4. Rankine theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine_theory

    This theory, which considers the soil to be in a state of plastic equilibrium, makes the assumptions that the soil is homogeneous, isotropic and has internal friction. The pressure exerted by soil against the wall is referred to as active pressure. The resistance offered by the soil to an object pushing against it is referred to as "passive ...

  5. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

    The shear strength of soil is primarily due to interparticle friction and therefore, the shear resistance on a plane is approximately proportional to the effective normal stress on that plane. [3] The angle of internal friction is thus closely related to the maximum stable slope angle, often called the angle of repose.

  6. Cohesion (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohesion_(geology)

    Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction. In soils, true cohesion is caused by following: Electrostatic forces in stiff overconsolidated clays (which may be lost through weathering) Cementing by Fe 2 O 3, Ca CO 3, Na Cl, etc. There can also be apparent cohesion. This is caused by:

  7. Critical state soil mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_state_soil_mechanics

    It's the point at which the soil cannot sustain any additional load without undergoing continuous deformation, in a manner similar to the behaviour of fluids. Certain properties of the soil, like porosity, shear strength, and volume, reach characteristic values. These properties are intrinsic to the type of soil and its initial conditions. [1]

  8. Mohr's circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohr's_circle

    To overcome the "issue" of having the shear stress axis downward in the Mohr-circle space, there is an alternative sign convention where positive shear stresses are assumed to rotate the material element in the clockwise direction and negative shear stresses are assumed to rotate the material element in the counterclockwise direction (Figure 5 ...

  9. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    In those conditions the consistency quality depends upon the clay content. In the wet state, the two qualities of stickiness and plasticity are assessed. A soil's resistance to fragmentation and crumbling is assessed in the dry state by rubbing the sample. Its resistance to shearing forces is assessed in the moist state by thumb and finger ...