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There are a number of indications for obtaining an endometrial biopsy from a non-pregnant woman: [citation needed]. Women with chronic anovulation such as the polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk for endometrial problems and an endometrial biopsy may be useful to assess their lining specifically to rule out endometrial hyperplasia or cancer.
Endometrial polyps are usually benign although some may be precancerous or cancerous. [3] About 0.5% of endometrial polyps contain adenocarcinoma cells. [14] Polyps can increase the risk of miscarriage in women undergoing IVF treatment. [3] If they develop near the fallopian tubes, they may lead to difficulty in becoming pregnant. [3]
Micrograph showing nucleated red blood cells (bottom left of image), one of the elements necessary to call extramedullary hematopoiesis, in an endometrial polyp. H&E stain. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH or sometimes EH [1]) refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone (bone marrow). [2] It can be physiologic or ...
A polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus.
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus. Most cases of endometrial hyperplasia result from high levels of estrogens , combined with insufficient levels of the progesterone-like hormones which ordinarily counteract estrogen's proliferative effects on this ...
Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) is a premalignant lesion of the uterine lining that predisposes to endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. It is composed of a collection of abnormal endometrial cells, arising from the glands that line the uterus , which have a tendency over time to progress to the most common form of uterine cancer ...
The initial treatment for endometrial cancer is surgery; 90% of women with endometrial cancer are treated with some form of surgery. [23] Surgical treatment typically consists of hysterectomy including a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy , which is the removal of the uterus, and both ovaries and Fallopian tubes.
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years, unrelated to pregnancy, is rarely life-threatening, but is frequently life altering. The symptoms frequently interfere with quality of life and those girls and women affected by chronic AUB spend significant amounts of personal resources on menstrual products and medications.