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  2. Tree (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(abstract_data_type)

    This unsorted tree has non-unique values (e.g., the value 2 existing in different nodes, not in a single node only) and is non-binary (only up to two children nodes per parent node in a binary tree). The root node at the top (with the value 2 here), has no parent as it is the highest in the tree hierarchy.

  3. Binary tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_tree

    the empty set is an extended binary tree; if T 1 and T 2 are extended binary trees, then denote by T 1 • T 2 the extended binary tree obtained by adding a root r connected to the left to T 1 and to the right to T 2 [clarification needed where did the 'r' go in the 'T 1 • T 2 ' symbol] by adding edges when these sub-trees are non-empty.

  4. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    A prime number that is one less than a power of two is called a Mersenne prime. For example, the prime number 31 is a Mersenne prime because it is 1 less than 32 (2 5). Similarly, a prime number (like 257) that is one more than a positive power of two is called a Fermat prime—the exponent itself is a power of

  5. B+ tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B+_tree

    If nodes of the B+ tree are organized as arrays of elements, then it may take a considerable time to insert or delete an element as half of the array will need to be shifted on average. To overcome this problem, elements inside a node can be organized in a binary tree or a B+ tree instead of an array. B+ trees can also be used for data stored ...

  6. Binary search tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_tree

    Fig. 1: A binary search tree of size 9 and depth 3, with 8 at the root. In computer science, a binary search tree (BST), also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a rooted binary tree data structure with the key of each internal node being greater than all the keys in the respective node's left subtree and less than the ones in its right subtree.

  7. Fenwick tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenwick_tree

    Unlike the other two trees, the search tree is a binary tree, arranged in an order Knuth calls a "sideways heap". [5] Each node is assigned a height equal to the number of trailing zeros in the binary representation of its index, with the parent and children being the numerically closest index(es) of the adjacent height.

  8. Bitwise trie with bitmap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_trie_with_bitmap

    A trie is a type of search tree where – unlike for example a B-tree – keys are not stored in the nodes but in the path to leaves. The key is distributed across the tree structure. In a "classic" trie, each node with its child-branches represents one symbol of the alphabet of one position (character) of a key.

  9. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    The binary number system expresses any number as a sum of powers of 2, and denotes it as a sequence of 0 and 1, separated by a binary point, where 1 indicates a power of 2 that appears in the sum; the exponent is determined by the place of this 1: the nonnegative exponents are the rank of the 1 on the left of the point (starting from 0), and ...