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Newton's theorem can easily be derived from Anne's theorem considering that in tangential quadrilaterals the combined lengths of opposite sides are equal (Pitot theorem: a + c = b + d). According to Anne's theorem, showing that the combined areas of opposite triangles PAD and PBC and the combined areas of triangles PAB and PCD are equal is ...
Bretschneider's formula generalizes Brahmagupta's formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral, which in turn generalizes Heron's formula for the area of a triangle.. The trigonometric adjustment in Bretschneider's formula for non-cyclicality of the quadrilateral can be rewritten non-trigonometrically in terms of the sides and the diagonals e and f to give [2] [3]
Labels used in proof concerning complete quadrilateral. It is a well-known theorem that the three midpoints of the diagonals of a complete quadrilateral are collinear. [2] There are several proofs of the result based on areas [2] or wedge products [3] or, as the following proof, on Menelaus's theorem, due to Hillyer and published in 1920. [4]
An arbitrary quadrilateral and its diagonals. Bases of similar triangles are parallel to the blue diagonal. Ditto for the red diagonal. The base pairs form a parallelogram with half the area of the quadrilateral, A q, as the sum of the areas of the four large triangles, A l is 2 A q (each of the two pairs reconstructs the quadrilateral) while that of the small triangles, A s is a quarter of A ...
Follow the quadrilateral vertices in the same sequential direction and construct each square on the left hand side of each side of the given quadrilateral. The segments joining the centers of the squares constructed externally (or internally) to the quadrilateral over two opposite sides have been referred to as Van Aubel segments.
Ptolemy's theorem is a relation among these lengths in a cyclic quadrilateral. = + In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle).
Other names for these quadrilaterals are concyclic quadrilateral and chordal quadrilateral, the latter since the sides of the quadrilateral are chords of the circumcircle. Usually the quadrilateral is assumed to be convex, but there are also crossed cyclic quadrilaterals. The formulas and properties given below are valid in the convex case.
In geometry, Brahmagupta's theorem states that if a cyclic quadrilateral is orthodiagonal (that is, has perpendicular diagonals), then the perpendicular to a side from the point of intersection of the diagonals always bisects the opposite side. [1] It is named after the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598-668). [2]
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