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  2. Pseudoreplication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoreplication

    Inferential statistics cannot separate variability due to treatment from variability due to experimental units when there is only one measurement per unit. Sacrificial pseudoreplication (Figure 5b in Hurlbert 1984) occurs when means within a treatment are used in an analysis, and these means are tested over the within unit variance.

  3. Replication (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_(statistics)

    Replication in statistics evaluates the consistency of experiment results across different trials to ensure external validity, while repetition measures precision and internal consistency within the same or similar experiments. [5] Replicates Example: Testing a new drug's effect on blood pressure in separate groups on different days.

  4. Balanced repeated replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_repeated_replication

    Let a be the value of our statistic as calculated from the full sample; let a i (i = 1,...,n) be the corresponding statistics calculated for the half-samples. (n is the number of half-samples.) Then our estimate for the sampling variance of the statistic is the average of (a i − a) 2. This is (at least in the ideal case) an unbiased estimate ...

  5. Repeated measures design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeated_measures_design

    Repeated measures design is a research design that involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same or matched subjects either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. [1]

  6. Replication crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replication_crisis

    The standard approach in statistics, where data is split into a training and a validation set, is resisted because test subjects are expensive to acquire. [ 150 ] [ 204 ] One possible solution is cross-validation , which allows model validation while also allowing the whole dataset to be used for model-fitting.

  7. Statistical unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_unit

    Ignoring these dependencies, the analysis can lead to an inflated sample size or pseudoreplication. While a unit is often the lowest level at which observations are made, in some cases, a unit can be further decomposed as a statistical assembly. Many statistical analyses use quantitative data that have units of measurement. This is a distinct ...

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  9. Cross-validation (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-validation_(statistics)

    By allowing some of the training data to also be included in the test set – this can happen due to "twinning" in the data set, whereby some exactly identical or nearly identical samples are present in the data set, see pseudoreplication. To some extent twinning always takes place even in perfectly independent training and validation samples.