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Simple relaxation oscillator made by feeding back an inverting Schmitt trigger's output voltage through a RC network to its input.. An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating or alternating current (AC) signal, usually a sine wave, square wave or a triangle wave, [1] [2] [3] powered by a direct current (DC) source.
The mathematics of oscillation deals with the quantification of the amount that a sequence or function tends to move between extremes. There are several related notions: oscillation of a sequence of real numbers, oscillation of a real-valued function at a point, and oscillation of a function on an interval (or open set).
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. [1] [2] [3] The oscillator frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and receivers.
A clock generator is an electronic oscillator that produces a clock signal for use in synchronizing a circuit's operation. The signal can range from a simple symmetrical square wave to more complex arrangements. The basic parts that all clock generators share are a resonant circuit and an amplifier.
The low frequency flicker noise affects the phase noise because the flicker noise is heterodyned to the oscillator output frequency due to the non-linear transfer function of active devices. The effect of flicker noise can be reduced with negative feedback that linearizes the transfer function (for example, emitter degeneration ).
The potential-energy function of a harmonic oscillator is =. Given an arbitrary potential-energy function V ( x ) {\displaystyle V(x)} , one can do a Taylor expansion in terms of x {\displaystyle x} around an energy minimum ( x = x 0 {\displaystyle x=x_{0}} ) to model the behavior of small perturbations from equilibrium.
In electronics, a local oscillator (LO) is an electronic oscillator used with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process, also called heterodyning , produces the sum and difference frequencies from the frequency of the local oscillator and frequency of the input signal.
The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum-mechanical analog of the classical harmonic oscillator. Because an arbitrary smooth potential can usually be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point , it is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics.