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Most work conducted so far focuses on empirical observation and conceptual models. Thus, current social vulnerability research is a middle range theory and represents an attempt to understand the social conditions that transform a natural hazard (e.g. flood, earthquake, mass movements etc.) into a social disaster. The concept emphasizes two ...
Research in this area exposed the long-term negative consequences of seemingly transitory shocks [6] and suggested the need for a preventative view of poverty based on vulnerability. World Development Report 2000/01 [7] presented social protection as a key element in attacking global poverty.
A 2019 meta-analysis of 212 studies combining to a total of 10,000 participants found that by limiting the studies examined to those studies that used subtle and less blatant stereotype manipulations, which are more likely to occur in actual high-stakes test scenarios, the actual stereotype threat effect size observed was small to negligible.
Vulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." [1] The understanding of social and environmental vulnerability, as a methodological approach, involves the analysis of the risks and assets of disadvantaged groups, such as the elderly.
Each influential factor is generally measured by asking questions through a survey. For example, Boer (2005) studied on intention of condom use to prevent from getting AIDS guided by protection motivation theory. The study asked the following questions to individuals: "If I do not use condoms, I will run a high risk of getting HIV/AIDS."
A study of short haul truckers found that high levels of job stress were related to increased risk of occupational injury. [42] Research conducted in Japan showed a more than two-fold increase in the risk of stroke among men with job strain (combination of high job demand and low job control). [43]
In 2006, there was research focused on possible connections between exclusion and brain function. [46] Studies published by both the University of Georgia and San Diego State University found that exclusion can lead to diminished brain functioning and poor decision making. [46] Such studies corroborate with earlier beliefs of sociologists.
The study concludes that there is a significantly higher vulnerability of African American employees to discriminatory discharges, such as an African American employee would face a higher possibility of discharge by engaging in similar disruptive behavior in the workplace than a non-Black employee would face. [119]