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Lidar (/ ˈ l aɪ d ɑːr /, also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" [1] or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging" [2]) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
Radar range and wavelength can be adapted for different surveys of bird and insect migration and daily habits. They can have other uses too in the biological field. "MERLIN Avian Radar System for Bird Activity Monitoring and Mortality Risk Mitigation" (PDF). Insect radar. Surveillance radar (mostly X and S band, i.e. primary ATC Radars)
Lidar has a wide range of applications; one use is in traffic enforcement and in particular speed limit enforcement, has been gradually replacing radar since 2000. [1] Current devices are designed to automate the entire process of speed detection, vehicle identification, driver identification and evidentiary documentation.
Optical cross section (OCS) is a value which describes the maximum amount of optical flux reflected back to the source. [1] The standard unit of measurement is m 2 /sr. OCS is dependent on the geometry and the reflectivity at a particular wavelength of an object.
Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It is a radiodetermination method [1] used to detect and track aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, map weather formations, and terrain.
Unlike RADAR which relies on doppler shifts to directly measure speed or LIDAR which relies on the principle of time-of-flight to calculate speed, VIDAR measures the speed of vehicles by means of tracking an object through vision cameras. High precision speed measurement can be achieved if stereoscopic vision techniques are used.
Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. [1] An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy back to the source. The factors that influence this include: [1] the material with which the target is made;
Radar engineering is the design of technical aspects pertaining to the components of a radar and their ability to detect the return energy from moving scatterers — determining an object's position or obstruction in the environment.