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  2. Bond energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_energy

    It is sometimes called the mean bond, bond enthalpy, average bond enthalpy, or bond strength. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond-dissociation energy (usually at a temperature of 298.15 K) for all bonds of the same type within the same chemical species.

  3. Homolysis (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolysis_(chemistry)

    Bond cleavage is also possible by a process called heterolysis. The energy involved in this process is called bond dissociation energy (BDE). [ 2 ] BDE is defined as the " enthalpy (per mole ) required to break a given bond of some specific molecular entity by homolysis," symbolized as D . [ 3 ]

  4. Standard enthalpy of reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_reaction

    Standard enthalpy of hydrogenation is defined as the enthalpy change observed when one mole of an unsaturated compound reacts with an excess of hydrogen to become fully saturated. The hydrogenation of one mole of acetylene yields ethane as a product and is described by the equation C 2 H 2 (g) + 2 H 2 (g) → C 2 H 6 (g).

  5. Bond-dissociation energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy

    The term bond-dissociation energy is similar to the related notion of bond-dissociation enthalpy (or bond enthalpy), which is sometimes used interchangeably.However, some authors make the distinction that the bond-dissociation energy (D 0) refers to the enthalpy change at 0 K, while the term bond-dissociation enthalpy is used for the enthalpy change at 298 K (unambiguously denoted DH° 298).

  6. Bond cleavage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_cleavage

    The triplet and singlet excitation energies of a sigma bond can be used to determine if a bond will follow the homolytic or heterolytic pathway. [2] A metal−metal sigma bond is an exception because the bond's excitation energy is extremely high, thus cannot be used for observation purposes. [2] In some cases, bond cleavage requires catalysts.

  7. Born–Haber cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born–Haber_cycle

    The net enthalpy of formation and the first four of the five energies can be determined experimentally, but the lattice enthalpy cannot be measured directly. Instead, the lattice enthalpy is calculated by subtracting the other four energies in the Born–Haber cycle from the net enthalpy of formation.

  8. California vote count is slow, that doesn't mean it's 'rigged ...

    www.aol.com/california-vote-count-slow-doesnt...

    The claim: California counting ballots two weeks after Election Day is evidence it was ‘rigged’ A Nov. 19 Instagram post (direct link, archive link) claims one state’s lengthy vote-counting ...

  9. Enthalpy change of solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enthalpy_change_of_solution

    The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The energy change can be regarded as being made up of three parts: the endothermic breaking of bonds within the solute and within the solvent, and the formation of attractions between the solute and the solvent. An ideal solution has a null enthalpy of mixing.