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  2. Molecular communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_communication

    A Russian patent for a wireless network that uses a chemical system as the physical medium for data transmission, instead of the environment, was granted in 2018. The signals representing electronic messages transmitted through the wireless communication channel of this hypothetical wireless computer network would be changes of the chemical ...

  3. Bonnie Bassler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler

    Bassler determined further that bacteria are "multilingual" and use multiple chemical signal molecules to communicate with each other. [ 2 ] Since then, Bassler has also shown that bacteria use quorum sensing to differentiate self and other, a trait previously thought to be limited to more highly evolved organisms.

  4. Solvent effects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvent_effects

    This arises from the fact that polar solvents stabilize the formation of the carbocation intermediate to a greater extent than the non-polar-solvent conditions. This is apparent in the ΔE a, ΔΔG ‡ activation. On the right is an S N 2 reaction coordinate diagram. Note the decreased ΔG ‡ activation for the non-polar-solvent reaction ...

  5. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    Animals have a small set of genes that code for signaling proteins that interact specifically with Notch receptors and stimulate a response in cells that express Notch on their surface. Molecules that activate (or, in some cases, inhibit) receptors can be classified as hormones, neurotransmitters , cytokines , and growth factors , in general ...

  6. Olfactic communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactic_communication

    Olfactic communication is a channel of nonverbal communication referring to the various ways people and animals communicate and engage in social interaction through their sense of smell. Our human olfactory sense is one of the most phylogenetically primitive [ 1 ] and emotionally intimate [ 2 ] of the five senses ; the sensation of smell is ...

  7. Systems chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_chemistry

    A fundamental difference exists between chemistry as it is performed in most laboratories and chemistry as it occurs in life. Laboratory processes are mostly designed such that the (closed) system goes thermodynamically downhill; i.e. the product state is of lower Gibbs free energy, yielding stable molecules that can be isolated and stored.

  8. Communication physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_physics

    Communication physics aims to study and explain how a communication system works. This can be applied in a hard science way via Computer Communication or in the way of how people communicate. [1] An example of communication physics is how computers can transmit and receive data through networks.

  9. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    A system in which all processes of change have gone practically to completion is considered in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. [3] The thermodynamic properties of a system in equilibrium are unchanging in time. Equilibrium system states are much easier to describe in a deterministic manner than non-equilibrium states.