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The act was the culmination of years of negotiations between Waikato Tainui and the New Zealand Government. [2] Originally, Waikato-Tainui had made a claim by way of the Waitangi Tribunal, but in 1991 direct negotiations began between the tribe and the government of Prime Minister Jim Bolger. [3] In 1994, a Heads of Agreement was signed. [3]
Soon after the passing of the Settlements Act in 1863, agents were employed to enlist men for military service in Taranaki from among the gold miners of Otago and Melbourne. Between 30 December 1863 and 17 February 1864 four ships arrived in New Plymouth carrying 489 volunteers. [ 27 ]
In December 1863 the Parliament passed the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863, a piece of punitive legislation allowing unlimited confiscation of Māori land by the government, ostensibly as a means of suppressing "rebellion".
The first enactment of the New Zealand parliament (General Assembly), created by the New Zealand Constitution Act 1852, was the English Laws Act 1854, which established the applicability of all English laws in effect 14 January 1840, to New Zealand. The New Zealand Constitution Act 1846 was never implemented and was suspended.
Under the New Zealand Settlements Act, which had been passed in December 1863, Governor Grey confiscated more than 480,000 hectares of land from the Tainui iwi (tribe) in the Waikato as punishment for their "rebellion". The war and confiscation of land caused heavy economic, social and cultural damage to Waikato-Tainui.
The New Zealand Settlements Act was passed in December 1863 and in 1865 Governor Grey confiscated more than 480,000 hectares of land from the Waikato–Tainui iwi (tribe) in the Waikato as punishment for their earlier "rebellion".
The settlement was accompanied by a formal apology as part of the claims legislation, granted Royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II in person during her 1995 Royal tour of New Zealand. The Crown apologised for the Invasion of the Waikato and the subsequent indiscriminate confiscation of land.
In 1865 Ngāti Mutunga land was confiscated under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863. However provision was made for Ngāti Mutunga people who had not rebelled by the returning of 9,000 acres of land and later in 1870 a further 15,000 acres. The land was returned to individuals. The later land was mainly inland and most was sold.