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It has been adapted by and to other countries (such as Canada) in various forms. A plant may be described as "hardy to zone 10": this means that the plant can withstand a minimum temperature of 30 to 40 °F (−1.1 to 4.4 °C). Unless otherwise specified, in American contexts "hardiness zone" or simply "zone" usually refers to the USDA scale.
Hopkins' bioclimatic law states that in North America east of the Rockies, a 130-m (400-foot) increase in elevation, a 4° change in latitude North (444.48 km), or a 10° change in longitude East (two-thirds of a time zone) will cause a biological event to occur four days later in the spring or four days earlier in the fall. [1]
Those gardening in horticultural zones higher than 9 can ignore this advice, as the southernmost parts of the continental U.S., as well as Puerto Rico and Hawaii, are considered frost-free (there ...
A 2001 study by the California Native Plant Society estimated 6,300 native plants. These estimates continue to change over time. [2] Of California's total plant population, 2,153 species, subspecies, and varieties are endemic and native to California alone, according to the 1993 Jepson Manual study. [4]
The alpine zone, or alpine fell-field, is above the tree line, generally at 11,000 to 11,500 feet (3,400 to 3,500 m) in the south, [4] [5]: 8 and 9,900 feet (3,000 m) [6]: 17 to 10,500 feet (3,200 m) [4] in the north. The plants are influenced by having to endure long and very cold winters, poor to no soils, constant high winds, intense ...
Growing degree days (GDD), also called growing degree units (GDUs), are a heuristic tool in phenology.GDD are a measure of heat accumulation used by horticulturists, gardeners, and farmers to predict plant and animal development rates such as the date that a flower will bloom, an insect will emerge from dormancy, or a crop will reach maturity.
Note: references for each plant species are within their own articles. Bibliography of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) "A Natural History of California," Allan A. Schoenherr, University of California Press, 1992, ISBN 0-520-06922-6. "A California Flora and Supplement," Phillip Munz, 1968, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-02405-2.
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