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Mary's father, James II and VII, was the last Catholic monarch in Britain. Portrait by Nicolas de Largillière, c 1686. Upon the death of Charles II without legitimate issue in February 1685, the Duke of York became king as James II in England and Ireland and James VII in Scotland.
In 1685, Mary's father James II exploited rumours of William's infidelity in an attempt to cause a split between his daughter and the prince. Mary II died on 28 December 1694, and within a year or so, William ended his relationship with Elizabeth Villiers, motivated, it is said, by his wife's expressed wishes before her death. [1]
James II's eldest legitimate daughters, Mary and Anne, had been raised as Protestants. [4] British Protestants had expected Mary, from his father's first marriage, to succeed their father. [8] This possibility had kept Protestants somewhat content, with his rule a temporary inconvenience.
Mary was the elder daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and sister of kings Charles II and James II and VII. Eight days before William was born, his father died of smallpox ; thus, William was the sovereign Prince of Orange from the moment of his birth. [ 3 ]
The succession to Henry II was altered by the death of his son, Henry the Young King, who was crowned king while his father still lived. Henry II had wished to divide his lands among his children upon his death, but was forced to sign the unfavorable treaty of Azay-le-Rideau on 4 July 1189 (two days before his death) with the king of France and ...
Francis II (French: François II; 19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also King of Scotland as the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560. He ascended the throne of France at age 15 after the accidental death of his father, Henry II, in 1559.
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In 1649, Mary's father King Charles was executed; subsequently, Mary helped many English Royalist exiles. [18] Among those who were under her patronage was the family of Anne Hyde – the future wife of the Duke of York and mother of two English Queens, Mary II and Anne. [19]