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The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
It originally comes from CPL, in which equivalent syntax for e 1 ? e 2 : e 3 was e 1 → e 2, e 3. [1] [2] Although many ternary operators are possible, the conditional operator is so common, and other ternary operators so rare, that the conditional operator is commonly referred to as the ternary operator.
a == b and b == c, but a != c), or make certain values be equal to their own negation. [2] A strict equality operator is also often available in those languages, returning true only for values with identical or equivalent types (in PHP, 4 === "4" is false although 4 == "4" is true).
In certain computer programming languages, the Elvis operator, often written ?:, is a binary operator that returns the evaluated first operand if that operand evaluates to a value likened to logically true (according to a language-dependent convention, in other words, a truthy value), and otherwise returns the evaluated second operand (in which case the first operand evaluated to a value ...
In the case of both the NOP and NOPR instructions, the first 0 in the second byte is the "mask" value, the condition to test such as equal, not equal, high, low, etc. If the mask is 0, no branch occurs. In the case of the NOPR instruction, the second value in the second byte is the register to branch on.
If all terms in the sequence of conditionals are testing the value of a single expression (e.g., if x=0... else if x=1... else if x=2...), an alternative is the switch statement, also called case-statement or select-statement. Conversely, in languages that do not have a switch statement, these can be produced by a sequence of else if statements.
void Increment (ref int x, int dx = 1) {x += dx;} int x = 0; Increment (ref x); // dx takes the default value of 1 Increment (ref x, 2); // dx takes the value 2 In addition, to complement optional parameters, it is possible to explicitly specify parameter names in method calls, allowing to selectively pass any given subset of optional ...
Shell variables, created using the set or @ statements, are internal to C shell. They are not passed to child processes. Shell variables can be either simple strings or arrays of strings. Some of the shell variables are predefined and used to control various internal C shell options, e.g., what should happen if a wildcard fails to match anything.