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The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
It originally comes from CPL, in which equivalent syntax for e 1 ? e 2 : e 3 was e 1 → e 2, e 3. [1] [2] Although many ternary operators are possible, the conditional operator is so common, and other ternary operators so rare, that the conditional operator is commonly referred to as the ternary operator.
If all terms in the sequence of conditionals are testing the value of a single expression (e.g., if x=0... else if x=1... else if x=2...), an alternative is the switch statement, also called case-statement or select-statement. Conversely, in languages that do not have a switch statement, these can be produced by a sequence of else if statements.
Some other tailor-made equality, preserving the external behavior. For example, 1/2 and 2/4 are considered equal when seen as a rational number. A possible requirement would be that "A = B if and only if all operations on objects A and B will have the same result", in addition to reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.
In certain computer programming languages, the Elvis operator, often written ?:, is a binary operator that returns the evaluated first operand if that operand evaluates to a value likened to logically true (according to a language-dependent convention, in other words, a truthy value), and otherwise returns the evaluated second operand (in which case the first operand evaluated to a value ...
{{#ifeq: 2.5 | 2+.5 | equal | not equal }} → not equal (arithmetic!) {{#ifeq: 2*10^3 | 2000 | equal | not equal }} → not equal (arithmetic!) {{#ifeq: 2E3 | 2000 | equal | not equal }} → equal. As seen in the 4th and 5th examples, mathematical expressions are not evaluated. They are treated as regular strings. But #expr can be used to ...
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C# 4.0 introduces optional parameters with default values as seen in C++. For example: void Increment ( ref int x , int dx = 1 ) { x += dx ; } int x = 0 ; Increment ( ref x ); // dx takes the default value of 1 Increment ( ref x , 2 ); // dx takes the value 2