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A fatwa (UK: / ˈ f æ t w ɑː / ⓘ; US: / ˈ f ɑː t w ɑː /; Arabic: فتوى, romanized: fatwā; pl. فتاوى, fatāwā) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a qualified Islamic jurist in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government.
In July 2022, the South African Muslim Judicial Council (MJC) issued a fatwa on homosexuality. The fatwa clarified that Islam's primary sources of legislation are the Qur’an, Sunnah and Ijma – or scholarly consensus – all of which "unequivocally prohibit same-sex actions and, by extension, same-sex marriage". [60]
The Oran fatwa was a responsum fatwa, or an Islamic legal opinion, issued in 1502 to address the crisis that occurred when Muslims in the Crown of Castile, in present-day Spain, were forced to convert to Christianity in 1500–1502. [1]
Fatawa-e-Rashidiya is a collection of Islamic legal verdicts, or fatwas, written by the Indian scholar Rashid Ahmad Gangohi in the late 19th century. It contains over 2000 fatwas on various topics related to Islamic beliefs, practices, and customs, and played an important role in eradicating false innovations and un-Islamic customs from Muslim society.
Malaysia's National Fatwa Council first issued a fatwa against smoking in 1996, when it declared smoking haram because of its detrimental health effects. [16] In 2013, a study of Muslims and Buddhists in Malaysia found that this fatwa and other religious norms against smoking have had an independent and significant increase in quit attempts.
Islamic teachings and argument have sometimes been used to censor opinions and writings throughout history, and there are many cases of censorship in Islamic societies. One example is the fatwa (religious judgment) against The Satanic Verses (a novel), ordering that the author be executed for blasphemy.
The book is based on Ibn Abidin's Sharh Ukud al-Mufti and has been enriched by various sources, such as the history, requirements, and etiquettes of giving fatwas. [3] While delivering lectures at the Department of Fatwa, Taqi Usmani wrote a memorandum to the students at Darul Uloom Karachi in which he summarized the book Sharh Ukud Rasm al-Mufti and added knowledge points, history of Fatwa ...
The Al-Azhar Shia Fatwa, known in Arabic as The Shaltoot Fatwa (Arabic: فتوى شلتوت), is an Islamic fatwa issued in 1959 on the topic of Shi'a–Sunni relations by Sunni scholar Shaikh Mahmood Shaltoot. Under Shaltut, Sunni-Shia ecumenical activities would reach their zenith.