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The term "filibuster" ultimately derives from the Dutch vrijbuiter ("freebooter", a pillaging and plundering adventurer), but the precise history of the word's borrowing into English is obscure. [2] The Oxford English Dictionary finds its only known use in early modern English in a 1587 book describing "flibutors" who robbed supply convoys. [2]
[18] [19] In 1841, a defining moment came during a filibuster on a bill to charter a new national bank. After Whig Senator Henry Clay proposed a rules change to limit debate, Democratic Senator William R. King threatened an even longer filibuster, saying that Clay "may make his arrangements at his boarding house for the winter".
The English term "filibuster" derives from the Spanish filibustero, itself deriving originally from the Dutch vrijbuiter, 'privateer, pirate, robber' (also the root of English freebooter). [4] The Spanish form entered the English language in the 1850s , as applied to military adventurers from the United States then operating in Central America ...
William Walker (May 8, 1824 – September 12, 1860) was an American physician, lawyer, journalist, and mercenary.In the era of the expansion of the United States, driven by the doctrine of "manifest destiny", Walker organized unauthorized military expeditions into Mexico and Central America with the intention of establishing colonies.
The Filibuster War or Walker affair was a military conflict between filibustering multinational troops stationed in Nicaragua and a coalition of Central American armies. An American mercenary, William Walker , and his small private army were invited to Nicaragua in 1855.
The filibuster—an extended speech designed to stall legislation—began at 8:54 p.m. [a] and lasted until 9:12 p.m. the following day, a duration of 24 hours and 18 minutes. This made the filibuster the longest single-person filibuster in United States Senate history, a record that still stands as of 2024.
Edgar Vanover fought with William Walker in Nicaragua. When Walker surrendered to the Costa Rican forces in 1857 Vanover came back to the U.S. with approximately 400 other filibusters. [21] He then moved to California, eventually settling in Golden, Colorado. He was unable to return to Missouri because he was wanted for a crime there. [22]
James Long was born in Culpeper County, Virginia, in 1793.He became a U.S. Army surgeon and served at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812.He married Jane Herbert Wilkinson Long in 1815, settled in Natchez, Mississippi, after the war, and served as a doctor at Port Gibson.