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When the two temperature differences are equal, this formula does not directly resolve, so the LMTD is conventionally taken to equal its limit value, which is in this case trivially equal to the two differences. With this definition, the LMTD can be used to find the exchanged heat in a heat exchanger:
Although convective heat transfer can be derived analytically through dimensional analysis, exact analysis of the boundary layer, approximate integral analysis of the boundary layer and analogies between energy and momentum transfer, these analytic approaches may not offer practical solutions to all problems when there are no mathematical models applicable.
In statistics, the delta method is a method of deriving the asymptotic distribution of a random variable. It is applicable when the random variable being considered can be defined as a differentiable function of a random variable which is asymptotically Gaussian .
Specifically, in the discrete case, For a random sample of size n of a population distributed uniformly according to Q, by the law of total expectation the (empirical) mean absolute difference of the sequence of sample values y i, i = 1 to n can be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the absolute value of all possible differences:
The delta potential is the potential = (), where δ(x) is the Dirac delta function. It is called a delta potential well if λ is negative, and a delta potential barrier if λ is positive. The delta has been defined to occur at the origin for simplicity; a shift in the delta function's argument does not change any of the following results.
Bottom line. Ultimately, whether you can retire on less than $1 million will largely depend on your spending needs during retirement and your remaining life expectancy.
where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius.More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width.
As investors, we need to understand how our companies truly make their money. A neat trick developed for just that purpose -- the DuPont formula -- can help us do so. So in this series we let the ...