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Kernel-mode rootkits run with the highest operating system privileges by adding code or replacing portions of the core operating system, including both the kernel and associated device drivers. [citation needed] Most operating systems support kernel-mode device drivers, which execute with the same privileges as the operating system itself.
Detecting rootkits is separated into many complex layers that include integrity checking and behavioral detection. By checking the CPU usage, ongoing and outgoing network traffic, or the signatures of drivers, simple anti-virus tools can detect common rootkits. However, this is not the case with a kernel type rootkit.
For both reasons, hooking SSDT calls is often used as a technique in both Windows kernel mode rootkits and antivirus software. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In 2010, many computer security products which relied on hooking SSDT calls were shown to be vulnerable to exploits using race conditions to attack the products' security checks.
The unrestricted mode is often called kernel mode, but many other designations exist (master mode, supervisor mode, privileged mode, etc.).Restricted modes are usually referred to as user modes, but are also known by many other names (slave mode, problem state, etc.).
The arrow represents a rootkit gaining access to the kernel, and the little gate represents normal privilege elevation, where the user has to enter an Administrator username and password. Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug , a design flaw , or a configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain ...
Salt Typhoon reportedly employs a Windows kernel-mode rootkit, Demodex (name given by Kaspersky Lab [8]) to gain remote control [9] over their targeted servers. [1] They demonstrate a high level of sophistication and use anti-forensic and anti-analysis techniques to evade detection.
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In November 2010, the press reported that the rootkit had evolved to the point that it was bypassing the mandatory kernel-mode driver signing requirement of 64-bit editions of Windows 7. It did this by subverting the master boot record, [8] which made it particularly resistant on all systems to detection and removal by anti-virus software.