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SPF (or DKIM) can be used together with DMARC though, to also check the From field of the mail header. This is called 'identifier alignment'. This is called 'identifier alignment'. Custom proprietary implementations are required to protect against such display name spoofing and cannot utilize SPF.
DMARC operates by checking that the domain in the message's From: field (also called "RFC5322.From" [2]) is "aligned" with other authenticated domain names.If either SPF (specified using the aspf field) or DKIM (specified using the adkim field) alignment checks pass, then the DMARC alignment test passes.
However, a strict DMARC policy may block legitimate emails sent through a mailing list or forwarder, as the DKIM signature will be invalidated if the message is modified, such as by adding a subject tag or footer, and the SPF check will either fail (if the forwarder didn't change the bounce address) or be aligned with the mailing list domain ...
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) is an email authentication method designed to detect forged sender addresses in email (email spoofing), a technique often used in phishing and email spam. DKIM allows the receiver to check that an email that claimed to have come from a specific domain was indeed authorized by the owner of that domain. [1]
To combat this, many competing email authentication proposals have been developed. By 2018 three had been widely adopted – SPF, DKIM and DMARC. [1] [2] The results of such validation can be used in automated email filtering, or can assist recipients when selecting an appropriate action.
Since the early 1990s, however, this record more often carries machine-readable data, such as specified by RFC 1464, opportunistic encryption, Sender Policy Framework, DKIM, DMARC, DNS-SD, etc. URI 256
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DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) is an Internet security protocol to allow X.509 digital certificates, commonly used for Transport Layer Security (TLS), to be bound to domain names using Domain Name System Security Extensions ().