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A reference ecosystem, also known as an ecological reference, is a "community of organisms able to act as a model or benchmark for restoration." [1] [2] [3] Reference ecosystems usually include remnant natural areas that have not been degraded by human activities such as agriculture, logging, development, fire suppression, or non-native species invasion.
Citation Hunt: A tool for browsing snippets of Wikipedia articles that lack citations. Citer: Converts a URL, DOI, ISBN, PMID, PMCID, OCLC, or Google Books URL into a citation and shortened footnote. It also can generate citations for certain major news websites (e.g., The New York Times) and the Wayback Machine.
Ecoinformatics, or ecological informatics, is the science of information in ecology and environmental science.It integrates environmental and information sciences to define entities and natural processes with language common to both humans and computers.
The environmental data are most often climate data (e.g. temperature, precipitation), but can include other variables such as soil type, water depth, and land cover. SDMs are used in several research areas in conservation biology, ecology and evolution.
Source–sink dynamics is a theoretical model used by ecologists to describe how variation in habitat quality may affect the population growth or decline of organisms.. Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low quality patch might affect a population.
Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. [15] It is the study of how the population sizes of species living together in groups change over time and space, and was one of the first aspects of ecology to be studied and modelled mathematically.
Lack of reference levels, therefore it is unknown if trends in environmental change are strong or weak. Indicator measures can overlap, causing over estimation of single parameters. Long-term monitoring is necessary to identify long-term environmental changes.
Haeckel, who admired Darwin's work, defined ecology in reference to the economy of nature, which has led some to question whether ecology and the economy of nature are synonymous. [ 245 ] The layout of the first ecological experiment, carried out in a grass garden at Woburn Abbey in 1816, was noted by Charles Darwin in The Origin of Species .