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A number of drugs do not cause disulfiram-like reactions, but have other unintended interactions with alcoholic drinks. For example, alcohol interferes with the efficacy of erythromycin. Patients on linezolid and tedizolid may be sensitive to the tyramine present in tap beers and red wine. [8]
Disulfiram is a medication used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (specifically the ALDH2 enzyme [3]), causing many of the effects of a hangover to be felt immediately following alcohol consumption.
Avoiding or restricting alcohol is the most straightforward way to prevent the symptoms of alcohol intolerance. [5] [6] [13] Tobacco use or exposure to secondhand smoke should be avoided, as smoking may increase levels of acetaldehyde. Certain medications may interact with alcohol and worsen symptoms.
“It’s a growing problem. Alcohol is a very simple molecule with very diverse effects on physiology,” explains White. “There aren’t many things the body does that alcohol doesn’t impact.”
Alcohol has been produced and consumed by humans for its psychoactive effects since c. 7000–6600 BC. [20] Alcohol is the second most consumed psychoactive drug globally, behind caffeine. [21] [22] Drinking alcohol is generally socially acceptable and is legal in most countries, unlike with many other recreational substances.
Notably, due its distressing effects with continued alcohol consumption, medication adherence can be difficult. [87] Topiramate: Topiramate is an anticonvulsant approved for the management of epileptic seizures and used off label in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. It modulates GABA neurotransmission, and inhibits glutamate receptors ...
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used for alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy, this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
Drugs listed on the Beers List are categorized according to risks for negative outcomes. The tables include medications that have cautions, should be avoided, should be avoided with concomitant medical conditions, and are contraindicated and relatively contraindicated in the elderly population.