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Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains iron with chromium and other elements such as molybdenum , carbon , nickel and nitrogen depending on its specific use and cost.
The Ilizarov apparatus is a specialized external fixator of modular construction, composed of rings (stainless steel, titanium) that are transfixed to healthy bone with Kirschner wires and pins of heavy-gauge stainless steel, and immobilised in place with additional rings and threaded rods that are attached with and through adjustable nuts. The ...
SAE 316 and SAE 316L stainless steel, also referred to as marine grade stainless, is a chromium, nickel, molybdenum alloy of steel that exhibits relatively good strength and corrosion resistance. 316L is the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel. [2] 316L in particular is biocompatible when produced to ASTM F138 / F139. [3]
Several modifications and shapes were introduced subsequently for various bones such as V-nails for tibia, radius [5] and ulna nails, Rusch nails etc. Although stainless steel was used for older IM nails, titanium has several advantages, including lower mechanical failure rates and improved biocompatibility . [ 6 ]
As the loop is tightened the bone fragments are compressed together. Fractures of the kneecap and the olecranon process of the elbow are commonly treated by this method. A wire is passed through the skin then transversely through the bone and out the other side of the limb. The wire is then attached to some form of traction so that the pull is ...
However, immune system reaction to nickel is a potential complication of 316.[1][2] Implants and equipment that are put under pressure (bone fixation screws, prostheses, body piercing jewelry) are made out of austenitic steel, often 316L and 316LVM compliant to ASTM F138,.[3] 316 surgical steel is used in the manufacture and handling of food ...
Orthopedic plates are designed based on the bone fracture. While the general design is similar, each plate must be manufactured to not only to reduce the fracture but also fit the contour of the patient's bone. [5] Protection Locking plates can be used either to support a locking head screw, or to force bone together at the fracture.
Currently, many types of metals and alloys (stainless steel, titanium, nickel, magnesium, Co–Cr alloys, Ti alloys), [1] ceramics (zirconia, bioglass, alumina, hydroxyapatite) [1] and polymers (acrylic, nylon, silicone, polyurethane, polycaprolactone, polyanhydrides) [1] are used for load bearing applications. This includes dental replacements ...