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William Stallings is an American author. He has written computer science textbooks on operating systems , computer networks , computer organization , and cryptography . Early life
A passive attack on a cryptosystem is one in which the cryptanalyst cannot interact with any of the parties involved, attempting to break the system solely based upon observed data (i.e. the ciphertext).
The Data Encryption Standard (DES / ˌ d iː ˌ iː ˈ ɛ s, d ɛ z /) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of digital data. Although its short key length of 56 bits makes it too insecure for modern applications, it has been highly influential in the advancement of cryptography.
Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi: wrote a (now lost) book on cryptography titled the "Book of Cryptographic Messages". Al-Kindi, 9th century Arabic polymath and originator of frequency analysis. Athanasius Kircher, attempts to decipher crypted messages; Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, wrote a standard book on cryptography
Modern Cryptography Theory and Practice ISBN 0-13-066943-1. An up-to-date book on cryptography. Touches on provable security, and written with students and practitioners in mind. Mel, H.X., and Baker, Doris (2001). Cryptography Decrypted, Addison Wesley ISBN 0-201-61647-5. This technical overview of basic cryptographic components (including ...
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers [1] and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip).
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cryptography: Cryptography (or cryptology) – practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic ...
Cryptanalysis has coevolved together with cryptography, and the contest can be traced through the history of cryptography—new ciphers being designed to replace old broken designs, and new cryptanalytic techniques invented to crack the improved schemes. In practice, they are viewed as two sides of the same coin: secure cryptography requires ...