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Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, [1] making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. [2] Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and ...
All spiders possess photosensitive microvilli which have the capacity to be sensitive to the polarisation of light, as they preferentially absorb light oscillating parallel to their long axis. These microvilli are arranged orthogonally in the eyes of several families, including jumping spiders , wolf spiders , and nursery web spiders .
Phidippus audax are commonly referred to as "bold jumping spiders" or "bold jumpers". [8] The species name, audax, is a Latin adjective meaning "audacious" or "bold". [8] This name was first used to describe the species by French arachnologist Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, who described the spider as being, "very bold, often jumping on the hand which threatens it". [9]
The shinny, jumping spiders are mainly active when exposed to sunlight and in morning and the earlier side of the afternoon. Cosmophasis umbratica are most commonly found in regions of south and southeast Asia. These spiders are mainly spotted in regions with higher exposure to sunlight and are generally found on leaves of plants.
"Squared-off" cephalothorax and eye pattern of jumping spiders. Although other spiders can also jump, salticids including Portia fimbriata have significantly better vision than other spiders, [12]: 521 [13] and their main eyes are more acute in daylight than a cat's and 10 times more acute than a dragonfly's. [4]
[8]: 53 Like all jumping spiders, Portias can take in only a small visual field at one time, [12] as the most acute part of a main eye can see all of a circle up to 12 millimetres wide at 20 centimetres away, or up to 18 millimetres wide at 30 centimetres away. [13] Jumping spider's main eyes can see from red to ultraviolet. [14]
Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest, or even, in some cave species, there are no eyes at all. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in color. [9]
The secondary eyes have a reflector at the back of the eyes. The light-sensitive part of the receptor cells is next to this, so they get direct and reflected light. In hunting or jumping spiders, for example, a forward-facing pair possesses the best resolution (and even some telescopic ability) to help spot prey from a distance.