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Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019 [update] , this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species , [ 1 ] making it the largest family of spiders – comprising 13% of spider species. [ 2 ]
All spiders possess photosensitive microvilli which have the capacity to be sensitive to the polarisation of light, as they preferentially absorb light oscillating parallel to their long axis. These microvilli are arranged orthogonally in the eyes of several families, including jumping spiders , wolf spiders , and nursery web spiders .
Phidippus audax are commonly referred to as "bold jumping spiders" or "bold jumpers". [8] The species name, audax, is a Latin adjective meaning "audacious" or "bold". [8] This name was first used to describe the species by French arachnologist Nicholas Marcellus Hentz, who described the spider as being, "very bold, often jumping on the hand which threatens it". [9]
Wolf spiders, jumping spiders, fishing spiders and some crab spiders capture prey by chasing it, and rely mainly on vision to locate prey. [13] Some jumping spiders of the genus Portia hunt other spiders in ways that seem intelligent, [22] outflanking their victims or luring them from their webs.
The genus was established in 1878 by German arachnologist Friedrich Karsch.The fringed jumping spider (Portia fimbriata) is the type species.[1]Molecular phylogeny, a technique that compares the DNA of organisms to construct the tree of life, indicates that Portia is a member of a basal clade (i.e. quite similar to the ancestors of all jumping spiders) and that the Spartaeus, Phaeacius, and ...
Sometimes one pair of eyes is better developed than the rest, or even, in some cave species, there are no eyes at all. Several families of hunting spiders, such as jumping spiders and wolf spiders, have fair to excellent vision. The main pair of eyes in jumping spiders even sees in color. [9]
Though most known spiders are almost exclusively carnivorous, a few species, primarily of jumping spiders, supplement their diet with plant matter such as sap, nectar, and pollen. [5] [6] [7] However, most of these spiders still need a mostly carnivorous diet to survive, and lab studies have shown that they become unhealthy when fed only plants ...
Euophrys omnisuperstes does not show any obvious adaptations for survival in the extreme conditions of high mountains, being similar to jumping spiders living in more temperate environments. [6] Swan noted that daytime temperatures at high elevations can actually be higher than lower down, because of the reduction in cloud cover and the ...