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Total quality management (TQM) is an organization-wide effort to "install and make a permanent climate where employees continuously improve their ability to provide on-demand products and services that customers will find of particular value."
A quality circle or quality control circle is a group of workers who do the same or similar work, who meet regularly to identify, analyze and solve work-related problems. It consists of minimum three and maximum twelve members in number. [1]
Seeing Total Quality Control as "an effective system for integrating the quality development, quality maintenance, and quality improvement efforts of the various groups in an organization so as to enable production and service at the most economical levels which allow full customer satisfaction".
Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process. Researchers have found that this leadership style is usually one of the most effective and leads to higher productivity, better contributions from group members ...
The authoritarian leadership style, for example, is approved in periods of crisis but fails to win the "hearts and minds" of followers in day-to-day management; the democratic leadership style is more adequate in situations that require consensus building; finally, the laissez-faire leadership style is appreciated for the degree of freedom it ...
Scientific management is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows. Its main objective is improving economic efficiency , especially labor productivity . It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes in management.
It is the high-quality process that assures the high-quality product. The main focus was on improving of process operations. Quality of the process was understood as the quality of its operations. Powerful new concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM), Continuous Improvement Process and Just-In-Time (JIT) systems have characterized this stage ...
Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, [4] [5] performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records; Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications; Soft elements, such as personnel, integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit, and quality ...
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