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Childism can refer either to advocacy for empowering children as a subjugated group or to prejudice and/or discrimination against children or childlike qualities. [1] It can operate thus both as a positive term for a movement, like the term feminism, as well as a critical term to identify age-based prejudice and discrimination against children, like the term racism.
It is argued that since prejudice is defined as a negative affect towards members of a group, there are many groups against whom prejudice is acceptable (such as rapists, men who abandon their families, pedophiles, neo-Nazis, drink-drivers, queue jumpers, murderers etc.), yet such prejudices are not studied.
Definition: Prejudice: an adverse pre-judgement or opinion formed beforehand without direct observation of things, people, or events. Navigation , for "types of" categories within a "parent category" : Category:Discrimination ; : Category:Prejudice and discrimination .
According to dictionary definitions, racism is prejudice and discrimination based on race. [ 46 ] [ 47 ] Racism can also be said to describe a condition in society in which a dominant racial group benefits from the oppression of others, whether that group wants such benefits or not. [ 48 ]
Adultism is a bias or prejudice against children or youth. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It has been defined as "the power adults have over children", or the abuse thereof, [ 2 ] as well as "prejudice and accompanying systematic discrimination against young people", [ 3 ] and "bias towards adults... and the social addiction to adults, including their ideas ...
Allport's Scale of Prejudice goes from 1 to 5. Antilocution: Antilocution occurs when an in-group freely purports negative images of an out-group. [2] Hate speech is the extreme form of this stage. [3] It is commonly seen as harmless by the majority.
Students in jigsaw classrooms ("jigsaws") showed a decrease in prejudice and stereotyping, liked in-group and out-group members more, showed higher levels of self-esteem, performed better on standardized exams, liked school more, reduced absenteeism, and mixed with students of other races in areas other than the classroom compared to students in traditional classrooms ("trads").
American psychologist Gordon Allport coined this term in his 1954 book, The Nature of Prejudice. [2] Antilocution is the first point on Allport's Scale, which can be used to measure the degree of bias or prejudice in a society. Allport's stages of prejudice are antilocution, avoidance, discrimination, physical attack, and extermination.