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In other words, at issue is the relationship between many linked ideas. What effect does the adoption of one idea have for a lot of related ideas, and how does a theory relate to all the evidence it can be called upon to explain. A theory can consist of one major hypothesis, but usually a theory consists of a series of linked hypotheses ...
Positivity effect (Socioemotional selectivity theory) That older adults favor positive over negative information in their memories. See also euphoric recall: Primacy effect: Where an item at the beginning of a list is more easily recalled. A form of serial position effect. See also recency effect and suffix effect. Processing difficulty effect
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
Rosenwasser (2002) defines it as believing, adopting, accepting, and incorporating the negative beliefs provided by the oppressor as the truth. [2] It occurs as a part of socialization in an oppressive environment. Members of marginalized groups assimilate the oppressive view of their own group and consequently affirm negative self-stereotypes.
Motivational explanations involve an effect of desire on belief. [3]: 197 [70] It is known that people prefer positive thoughts over negative ones in a number of ways: this is called the "Pollyanna principle". [71] Applied to arguments or sources of evidence, this could explain why desired conclusions are more likely to be believed true ...
Most people enter military service “with the fundamental sense that they are good people and that they are doing this for good purposes, on the side of freedom and country and God,” said Dr. Wayne Jonas, a military physician for 24 years and president and CEO of the Samueli Institute, a non-profit health research organization.
Some rationalizations take the form of a comparison. Commonly, this is done to lessen the perception of an action's negative effects, to justify an action, or to excuse culpability: "At least [what occurred] is not as bad as [a worse outcome]." In response to an accusation: "At least I didn't [worse action than accused action]."
It is an agreement with oneself to appreciate, validate, and support the self as it is, despite deficiencies and negative past behavior. Some have trouble accepting themselves because of guilt, trauma, or a perceived lack of motivation. [2] Self-acceptance has an effect on a person mentally, emotionally, within relationships and overall life.