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Ron Sun proposed a dual-process model of learning (both implicit learning and explicit learning). The model (named CLARION) re-interpreted voluminous behavioral data in psychological studies of implicit learning and skill acquisition in general. The resulting theory is two-level and interactive, based on the idea of the interaction of one-shot ...
The "two-process model of perceived control" was first proposed by Rothbaum, Weisz and Snyder. [10] According to the two-process model, people attempt to gain control not only by bringing the environment into line with their wishes (primary control) but also by bringing their own wishes into line with environmental forces (secondary control).
At the time of the original publication there was a schism in the field of memory on the issue of a single process or dual-process model of memory, the two processes referring to short-term and long-term memory. [24] [26] Atkinson and Shiffrin cite hippocampal lesion studies as compelling evidence for a separation of the two stores. [1]
FTT posits two types of memory processes (verbatim and gist) and, therefore, it is often referred to as a dual process theory of memory. According to FTT, retrieval of verbatim traces (recollective retrieval) is characterized by mental reinstatement of the contextual features of a past event, whereas retrieval of gist traces (nonrecollective retrieval) is not.
Numerous theoretical accounts of memory have differentiated memory for facts and memory for context.Psychologist Endel Tulving (1972; 1983) further defined these two declarative memory conceptions of explicit memory (in which information is consciously registered and recalled) into semantic memory wherein general world knowledge not tied to specific events is stored and episodic memory ...
Transfer-appropriate processing (TAP) is a type of state-dependent memory specifically showing that memory performance is not only determined by the depth of processing (where associating meaning with information strengthens the memory; see levels-of-processing effect), but by the relationship between how information is initially encoded and how it is later retrieved.
Employees who get paid on a biweekly basis (every other week) can expect two months with a third paycheck in 2025. These months depend on when the first paycheck of the year is.
Recollection is a high-threshold process (i.e., recollection either occurs or does not occur), whereas familiarity is a continuous variable that is governed by an equal-variance detection model. [5] On a recognition test, item recognition is based on recollection if the target item has exceeded threshold, producing an "old" response. [5]